The journal recognizes authorship as a reflection of substantial scholarly contribution and shared responsibility. Individuals listed as authors must meet all of the following conditions:
All authors are expected to have engaged actively throughout the research and publication process, and to uphold the highest standards of academic integrity.
The journal use CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) to describe the key types of individual contributions. We require corresponding author to submit a separate credit authorship contribution statement form stating the co-authors contribution of the work. More Details can be found at https://credit.niso.org/
Please download the template credit authorship contribution statement form and upload it to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step.
Once a manuscript has been submitted, the journal will generally not accept requests to modify the list or order of authors. Any proposal to add or remove an author after submission may result in the withdrawal of the article. Authors are therefore required to determine and confirm the complete, final list of contributors, along with the order of authorship, before the initial submission.
Authorship change request at revision stage should send the Authorship change request form to the journal manager and editors for further approval.
If your manuscript has already been accepted and published, an Erratum or Corrigendum will be required.
Ethics Statement
Authors are required to complete the Ethical Statement Form and upload it during the Attach/Upload Files step in the submission system. (NOTE: An ethical statement is mandatory for all submissions, regardless of whether the study involves animal or human research.)
If the study does not involve animals or humans:
No ethical approval was required for this study as it did not involve human or animal subjects.
Research Involving Animals
For studies involving animal subjects, authors must provide a statement confirming that the research was reviewed and approved — or granted an exemption — by the relevant institutional or national ethics committee. Authors are strongly encouraged to follow the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). Further information is available at: https://nc3rs.org.uk/who-we-are/3rs.
Research Involving Humans
For studies involving human participants, human-derived materials, or associated data, authors must ensure compliance with recognized ethical standards, such as the Declaration of Helsinki (https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki/ ), and confirm that appropriate ethical approval or exemption has been obtained.
An Ethical Statement must be included and should cover the following:
Originality
All submissions must represent original work. By submitting a manuscript, authors confirm that:
Violation of this policy will result in rejection of the submission and a six-month ban on further submissions to Tbench.
Please download the Ethical statement form and upload it to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step.
Competing interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work.
Please download the declaration of competing interest form and upload it to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step.
Funding
Any research grants or financial support (e.g., salaries, equipment, travel reimbursement) from organizations that may be financially affected by the publication. Please provide the funder’s name and grant number where applicable. Authors should complete the funding statement using the template and upload to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step. Note: Please do not convert the .docx template to another file type. If there are no funding to declare, please choose the first option in the template. This statement will be published within the article if accepted.
Please download the template funding declaration form and upload it to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step.
Initial Manuscript Screening
Our journal is dedicated to the rapid publication of rigorous, high-quality research. Therefore, authors are expected to submit manuscripts that have been thoroughly proofread and refined for clarity, accuracy, and overall presentation. Upon submission, the editorial office conducts a preliminary review of all manuscripts to assess:
Manuscripts failing to meet these basic standards will be desk rejected without being sent to reviewers. Authors will be informed accordingly.
Manuscripts passing this stage will be assigned to the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) or an Associate Editor（AE).
Editor Assignment and Reviewer Invitation
The assigned Editor (Editor-in-Chief or Associate Editor) oversees the peer review process. Suitable manuscripts are typically sent to at least two independent expert reviewers for evaluation of their scientific merit and quality. The review process is generally completed within 1 to 2 months, depending on the editors’ schedule. However, this period may be extended if editors and reviewers are simultaneously handling multiple manuscripts.
Feedback to Authors
Based on reviewers’ comments, the handling editor provides detailed feedback to the authors. Decisions at this stage may include acceptance, revision (minor or major), or rejection.
Revised Manuscript Handling
When authors submit revised manuscripts, the original handling editor and reviewers are invited to reassess the submission. The final decision regarding acceptance or rejection will be made based on updated reviewer comments and editor assessment.
Final Decision
The Editor-in-Chief or the designated handling editor makes the final decision on all manuscripts.The editorial decision is final and binding.
Conflict of Interest Management
Editors will recuse themselves from managing manuscripts:
Manuscripts with such conflicts will be assigned to an independent editor without conflicts for confidential handling and final decision making.
Special Issues and Editorial Board Submissions
For manuscripts submitted by the Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editors, Guest Editors, or other editorial board members, as well as those with conflicts of interest, editorial responsibility will be delegated to a conflict-free editor to ensure impartiality.
For Special Issues, if conflicts arise between Guest Editors and authors, the handling will be transferred to editors free of conflicts with the authors.
Review model——Double anonymized review
This journal uses double anonymized review, which means the authors' identities are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa. To facilitate this, please uploading the following files separately:
Please remind that other forms that should be uploaded separately with your work included: ethical statement, funding declaration, declaration of competing interest data, availability statement and credit authorship contribution statement.
Generative AI tools cannot be listed as authors. In some cases, authors are not required to provide detailed declarations of AI usage. For example, AI tools may be used to assist with copy editing, improving readability, style, grammar, spelling, punctuation, and tone of human-generated content. However, when AI or AI-assisted tools constitute an integral part of the research methodology or study design—for instance, in biomedical imaging—authors are required to provide a fully reproducible description of AI usage in the Methods section. This description should include details such as the model or tool name, version and extension numbers, and the manufacturer. Use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools to produce artwork, such as graphical abstracts, is strictly prohibited. Responsibility for the final version of the manuscript rests entirely with the human authors, who must confirm that any AI-assisted edits accurately represent their original work.
Every peer-reviewed research article appearing in this journal will be published open access. This means that the article is universally and freely accessible via the internet in perpetuity, in an easily readable format immediately after publication. The author does not have any publication charges for open access always. The BenchCouncil Press will pay to make the article open access.The authors will have the opportunity to register BenchCouncil International Symposium on Benchmarking, Measuring and Optimizing (Bench) https://www.benchcouncil.org/bench/ and present their work. A CC user license manages the reuse of the article. For articles published prior to November 1st, 2023, permitted third party reuse is defined by CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or CC BY-NC-ND https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ depending on author's choices. For articles published after November 1st, 2023, CC BY license will not be used and all articles will be published under the following license:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)For non-commercial purposes, lets others distribute and copy the article, and to include in a collective work (such as an anthology), as long as they credit the author(s) and provided they do not alter or modify the article.
This journal is a peer-reviewed, fully open access publication owned by the BenchCouncil Press, which holds the copyright for the journal as a whole and for each compiled issue. Individual authors retain copyright over their own articles and grant the BenchCouncil Press a non-exclusive license for publishing and distribution rights.
Please include a statement specifying where the data supporting the findings of this study are stored and how they can be accessed. Where applicable, provide links/DOIs to publicly archived datasets.
The data availability statement should clearly indicate whether any additional, unpublished data from the study are available, identify the potential recipients, and explain how such data can be obtained.
If the authors choose not to share their data or are unable to do so, the statement should explicitly note that the data will not be shared and provide the reasons.
Please download the template for data availability statement form and upload it to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step.
Prior to submitting your manuscript, please ensure compliance with the following criteria to facilitate a smooth review process:
To submit a paper to Tbench, first register for an account: https://journal.benchcouncil.org/tbench/about/submissions and submit your paper by following the steps in the system.
We strongly recommend authors use the Tbench LaTeX template to prepare their manuscripts. The template is available at: [Template link]
When submitting, please upload both the source .tex files and the compiled PDF through the submission system. The PDF file alone is considered a second choice and is only acceptable if you are not familiar with LaTeX.
The journal accepts submissions in the following categories: Position Papers, Full-length Articles/Research Articles, Review Articles, Short Communications, Discussions, Editorials, Case Reports, Practice Guidelines, Product Reviews, Conference Reports, and Opinion Papers. Please select the appropriate article type when submitting your manuscript. Authors contributing to special issues must ensure they choose the “Special Issue” article type from the list.
Position Papers – No page limit.
Full-length Articles / Research Articles – Maximum of 12 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Review Papers – No page limit.
Short Communications – Maximum of 4 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Discussions – Maximum of 2 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Editorials – Maximum of 10 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Case Reports – Maximum of 8 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Practice Guidelines – Maximum of 12 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Product Reviews – Maximum of 4 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Conference Reports – Maximum of 10 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Opinion Papers – Maximum of 4 double-column pages (excluding references and author biographies).
Please note：The structure below represents a typical layout of an article; however, authors may adjust the format to best fit their work.
-Title page with author detailes:
Manuscript Title
The title should be concise, clear, and accurately reflect the core topic of the research.
Authors Names：First name/given name(s) and last name/family name of authors. Indicating who is the corresponding is required.
Affiliations: All authors Department, institution, city, state, country.
E-mails：Corresponding author’s email address is necessary. Ensure the the corresponding author’s contact details are kept up to date, and having the responsibility to receive and reply to mainly all of the further emails from the editors. If possible, provide email addresses of all authors, avoiding that the editor will lose connection with your work.
ORCID numbers: ORCID number(s) for all authors whenever available
- Manuscript page without author detailes:
NOTE: About Section Numbering
Manuscripts should be divided into numbered sections and subsections using a clear hierarchy (e.g., 1, 1.1, 1.1.1). The abstract should not be numbered. Use these numbers for internal references instead of vague terms like “the text.” Each section or subsection should have a brief, descriptive heading on its own line.
Title
The title should be concise, clear, and accurately reflect the core topic of the research.
Abstract
Provide a structured or unstructured abstract of 200–300 words. The abstract should summarize the purpose, methods, main results, and conclusions of the study. It should be self-contained, without references, figures, or abbreviations.
Keywords
Include 3 to 6 keywords that best describe the subject of the article. Keywords should facilitate indexing and retrieval.
Introduction
Briefly present the background and context of the study. Clearly state the research problem, objectives, and significance.
Materials and Methods
Provide detailed information on materials, procedures, experimental design, and analytical methods. Enough detail should be given to allow replication by other researchers.
to in the main text.
Results
Present the findings clearly, supported by relevant tables and figures. Data must be accurate and appropriately analyzed.
Discussion
Interpret the results, explaining their implications and relevance. Compare findings with existing literature and discuss any limitations.
Conclusion
Summarize the main outcomes and their contribution to the field. Avoid repeating information from the abstract.
Acknowledgements
Acknowledge funding sources, institutional support, and individuals who contributed but do not meet authorship criteria.
References
Cite all sources according to the journal’s prescribed referencing style. References should be accurate and complete.
Appendices (if applicable)
Appendices may include supplementary material that supports the main text but is too lengthy or detailed to include in the body of the article. Examples include raw data tables, detailed calculations or derivations, extended methodological descriptions, questionnaires, or additional figures.
Each appendix should be clearly labeled (e.g., Appendix A, Appendix B) and referred.
Suppletmentary data
You may include additional resources—such as applications, images, or audio files—to accompany and enrich your article. These files will be published online in the format in which they are provided (e.g., Excel or PowerPoint files will remain in those formats). Please submit all supplementary materials alongside your manuscript, ensuring each file is accompanied by a clear and concise caption. If updates are required at any point during the publication process, please provide the revised file.
Fonts
Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
Rights and Permissions
All figures, tables, and images published in this journal are licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors must obtain permission for any copyrighted material used from external sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial figures and images sourced from the internet. It is the author’s responsibility to secure the necessary licenses, comply with any attribution or citation requirements set by copyright holders, and cover any associated costs.
Figure Captions
Each figure must be accompanied by a caption (e.g., “Figure 1…”). A caption should include a concise title (not embedded in the figure) and a brief description of the content.
Figure Size, Resolution, and Color Requirements
Acceptable file formats include TIF/TIFF (.tif/.tiff), JPEG (.jpg), and EPS (.eps). Images must be submitted in RGB color mode with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Images intended for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG) are not acceptable due to insufficient resolution.
Tables
Tables should be submitted as editable text rather than images. They may be inserted close to the relevant text within the manuscript or placed on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables sequentially according to their order of appearance in the text, and include any notes directly below the table body. Use tables selectively, ensuring they do not repeat data already presented elsewhere in the manuscript. Avoid vertical lines and shaded cells in table formatting.
DOI is a unique, permanent alphanumeric code assigned to a document upon its first electronic publication. It never changes, making it a reliable way to cite and link to the article.
DOIs are especially helpful for citing articles “in press” that lack full bibliographic details.
The correct citation format is: doi:10.1038/nature12373
When used as a URL link, a DOI ensures a permanent, stable connection to the online document.
After acceptance, the corresponding author will receive an email containing the proof of the article. Please review the proof carefully and submit any corrections within a week to ensure timely publication.
Erratum
Post-publication errors reported by authors may be corrected following a full review by the journal’s editorial team.
The journal distinguishes between major and minor errors. Such errors may affect the interpretation of the article but do not compromise its scholarly integrity or original findings. Authors may be asked to provide additional information before a correction is approved.
whereas minor errors will be corrected by means of a footnote in the published article.
Retractions
If serious errors or ethical issues are identified that cannot be corrected through a notice, the article may be retracted or withdrawn.